How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe ADHD is just a child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can improve the quality of life of a person.
A diagnosis for ADHD may involve interviewing the person and family members. The specialist may look over old school records to determine whether symptoms began in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that affects work, school as well as home life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and focusing at times. The person must display significant symptoms in two of these areas and have a significant impact on the daily functioning of the person for them to be identified as having ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To make a diagnosis, a doctor will interview the patient about their symptoms and ask about family medical history and any medical issues. They may also use rating scales that measure a adult's or a child's symptoms. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
Adults might be asked to talk to their significant other or someone who knows them well. This isn't to question honesty, but to gain more insight into the person's behavior that cannot be obtained from a questionnaire. They could inquire about childhood behaviors and use old school records in order to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests in the lab to rule out any other health conditions, such as head injuries or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the person's list of medications. Doctors will consider the interaction between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other ailments. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to consult their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in two or more settings (like school, home and work) and have a significant impact on functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and can't be caused by another disorder such as anxiety or depression.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will employ a variety of tools during an evaluation that include ADHD symptoms checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a thorough history. They may also interview friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire whether there are any other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the patient's medical and familial background to determine if there are underlying causes for their issue for example, thyroid problems or head injuries.
In some cases the examiner may decide to conduct cognitive testing or request that the person undergo an imaging test in order to determine the cause of their symptoms like learning disabilities. People with these issues often appear differently from those with no issues. For instance, boys are more likely to have hyperactive symptoms while girls inattentive symptoms.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in studies to test out new treatments. While this is an excellent opportunity to contribute to further research, it is important for participants to know that the purpose behind these studies is to increase information from the scientific community and does not necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you might have ADHD seek out a specialist who is trained to identify the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You could also ask your family physician or other health professionals for referrals. Word-of-mouth recommendations are also an alternative.
A doctor will inquire with the patient or their parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, or ask for details from other people in the patient's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also examine any documents from the past, and especially old reports. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must have been present from childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical exam is also usually done. It is a way to identify any other medical issues that could be the cause of the symptoms, such as seizure disorders or thyroid problems. The specialist will typically conduct a neurological examination, which checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to assess abilities and intelligence, may be utilized too. A person could be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This could help an expert determine whether a person is hyperactive or inattentional. The expert will choose the best treatment plan and then make an assessment. Treatment plans usually consist of therapy and medication. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping techniques and change unhelpful thought patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary physician or a mental health specialist who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication, though it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination can be beneficial to teenagers, children, and adults. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to live with these symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and how to manage it, could be incorporated. They could include teachers, family members, and professionals.
Our Site is crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health care provider who has experience in treating ADHD. You can ask for recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or do an online search. It is recommended to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health care provider will ask you or your child about symptoms and problems that are caused by ADHD. They will do an examination and check for any other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will review your or your child's medical and family information, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is designed to diagnose children is more difficult to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about their symptoms and request that other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD include stimulants like methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine, or other antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, including depression or anxiety. Treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients might benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Additionally, therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by making lifestyle modifications. Regular exercise can help decrease hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthier diet is also important; people with ADHD tend to consume higher levels of sugar and fat, and eat fewer fruits and vegetables than others. Making social and family relationships priority can help reduce anxiety and make people feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to comprehend their difficulties. For example, a child who has ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to peers and teachers, but once a teacher understands that it's not due to personal issues or to laziness accommodations can be implemented.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted to the individual's age, talk to family members and teachers, review medical records, and check for any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood.
A physical exam is often included, and the expert will likely test for hearing and vision issues. The doctor may also conduct a blood test to look for certain hormones as well as other health issues that may cause symptoms similar to ADHD.